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 A96.2

 (LASSA FEVER)

                Lassa fever is an acute, viral disease carried by a type of rat that is common in West Africa. It can be life-threatening. It is a hemorrhagic virus, which means it can cause bleeding, although 8 out of every 10 people with the virus have no symptoms. If it affects the liver, kidneys, or spleen, it can be fatal. 

CAUSES

As a result, the virus can spread easily, especially as the rats breed rapidly and can inhabit human homes.

The most common method of transmission is by consuming or inhaling rat urine or feces. It can also be spread through cuts and open sores.

The rats live in and around human habitation, and they often come into contact with foodstuffs. Sometimes people eat the rats, and the disease can be spread during their preparation.

Person-to-person contact is possible via blood, tissue, secretions or excretions, but not through touch. Sharing needles may spread the virus, and there are some reports of sexual transmission.

Lassa fever can also be passed between patients and staff at poorly equipped hospitals where sterilization and protective clothing is not standard.

SYMPTOMS

• bleeding in the gums, nose, eyes, or elsewhere
• difficulty breathing
• a cough
• swollen airways
• vomiting and diarrhea, both with blood
• difficulty swallowing
• hepatitis
• swollen face
• pain in the chest, back, and abdomen
• shock
• hearing loss, which may be permanent
• abnormal heart rhythms
• high or low blood pressure
• pericarditis, a swelling of the sac that surrounds the heart
• tremors
• encephalitis
• meningitis
• seizures

                               Lassa fever virus is mainly a zoonosis (a disease that is animal-borne or spread to humans from animals). It is spread to people through contact with household items, food, water, or air contaminated with the droppings or urine of infected multimammate rats (Mastomyces natalensis). These rodents live throughout West Africa in homes, and they can shed this virus without being ill. People most often become infected by inhaling air contaminated with aerosols of rodent excretions, swallowing the virus in food or contaminated utensils, preparing and eating multimammate rats (meat of wild or non-domesticated animals, called bush meat or wild meat, is often prized as a delicacy), and contact with open wounds. Lassa fever virus is believed to be endemic (always present) in Ghana, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria. It has also been detected in Ivory Coast, Benin, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Gambia, and Central African Republic. Reporting of cases is not consistent, and the rats are present throughout West, Central, and East Africa, so cases are possible throughout these areas.

• A96.2 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes.
• The 2021 edition of ICD-10-CM A96.2 became effective on October 1, 2020
• This is the American ICD-10-CM version of A96.2 - other international versions of ICD-10 A96.2 may differ.

The following code(s) above A96.2 contain annotation back-references

 that may be applicable to A96.2:

• A00-B99 
   Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

Clinical Information

• An acute febrile human disease caused by the lassa virus.

ICD-10-CM A96.2 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v38.0):

• 865 Viral illness with mcc
• 866 Viral illness without mcc

Convert A96.2 to ICD-9-CM

Code History

• 2016 (effective 10/1/2015): New code (first year of non-draft ICD-10-CM)
• 2017 (effective 10/1/2016): No change
• 2018 (effective 10/1/2017): No change
• 2019 (effective 10/1/2018): No change
• 2020 (effective 10/1/2019): No change
• 2021 (effective 10/1/2020): No change

Diagnosis Index entries containing back-references to A96.2:

• Fever (inanition) (of unknown origin) (persistent) (with chills) (with rigor) R50.9
  • Lassa A96.2
• Lassa fever A96.2

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